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I speak to many SME business owners. For the Managing Directors, CEOs and senior leaders that run the 121,175 small and medium-sized businesses based in Birmingham and the West Midlands, they understand why they need cyber security, but are often looking for honest, straightforward and practical cyber security guidance. This is a simple yet effective, best practice framework that small and medium business owners or leaders can follow.
This article covers:
What is cyber security best practice?
There are four elements to a business reaching security best practice. All four areas are covered in this article. Take a look at our cyber security glossary if any of the terminology is unfamiliar and get in touch with us if you need advice or clarification.
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1. Implement effective security controls
Install anti-malware software on every computer
Anti-malware software scans computers system for all types of malicious software and protects from malware such as:
Spyware
Software unknowingly installed onto your computer, that gathers personal information and tracks what you do on the web. It violates your privacy and be used by hackers, advertisers and data firms.
Adware
Software that automatically displays banners or pop-ups when online – they’re more-so irritating than anything and can make computers/browsers run slowly.
Worms
Malware that spreads copies of itself from computer to computer, designed to spread across multiple devices whilst remaining active on each device.
Anti-malware allows you to browse the web safely, keeps your personal data and files secure from hackers.
Ensure computers and network equipment have the latest security updates
We all have pop-ups saying ‘software update is available'. It’s tempting to press ‘cancel’ or ‘remind me later’ – those few minutes waiting for the update or restarting your computer can feel like an eternity when you’re busy. And let’s be honest, not shutting down feels like time-saved at the end of a long day.
Do this at your peril!
Computers and networks need the latest security updates to maintain an SMEs cyber security defences. These essential updates will ultimately keep your private information safe. Even common applications, like operating systems and browsers, can make you systems vulnerable if you don’t accept updates. Consider the short-term inconvenience as a long-term gain – preventing the scary prospect of identity theft, loss of money, credit, and more.
Use firewalls to maintain network security
A firewall acts as a barrier between your computer and the internet. As incoming or outgoing traffic goes through the firewall, it checks against a predetermined set of rules. Websites, viruses or malicious attacks are blocked if they do not pass these tests.
SME businesses should implement both firewall software and hardware to maintain effective cyber security protection. Firewall software protects individual employee computers and firewall hardware protects group networks.
Web filtering to prevent access to malicious websites
Cyber attacks often require users to visit a webpage that initiates a malware download. In phishing attacks, fake websites that appear to be legitimate can trick users to give away their login credentials or personal details.
DNS filtering (blocking entire websites by blocking the domain) and URL filtering (blocking specific webpages from a website) can control the content accessed on the internet.
Email filtering to block spam and malicious emails
Email filtering, as the name suggests, filters email that go inbound into your mailbox and outbound from your server. It ensures that no spam, malicious content, or sensitive data makes it in or out of your server unauthorised.
Popular email platforms will have basic filtering capabilities, however, a dedicated filtering service will protect SMEs against ever-evolving, sophisticated cyber hackers. Email filtering detects:
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Fake sender addresses
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Technical properties and errors typically found in spam
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Malicious links and attachments
Phishing emails, which could also include an attempt to blackmail victims, invite users to click a link or download an attachment can contain malware that spreads like a virus. If clicked, it can extract all the data from inside the hard drive. It can also enable the attacker to track sent emails. This type of cyber security attack can also allow hackers to create phishing scams; communications sent in the name of your SME organisation, appearing as you, a trustworthy source to your clients, customers, and a wider audience.
It may be that you may have already been a victim of a data breach. It is possible to check whether your email address has been pawned and fallen into the wrong hands.
2. Educate employees through cyber awareness training
It's unlikely that an employee knows what phishing or malware is. We would argue that it’s not important to know the precise definition or technical names. What is important is to have cyber awareness:
What does a scam email look like?
Understanding remote working best practice
Password basics
Using personal devices for work
The entry point of most cyber attacks is employees. Human error.
All employees play a role in fulfilling a business’ SMEs cyber security strategy. To keep up to date with the latest scams and to gain a basic awareness, cyber awareness training employees can be done in a few ways:
Automated training
Deploying automated user education and awareness training
We’ve found the simplest and easiest way to train SME employees about cyber security is through an automated education and awareness training tool. Employees are enrolled in personalised courses and sent automated email reminders to watch/complete short video tutorials. You’re also emailed scam alerts to inform of recent scams and what to do if you are targeted.
The video tutorials can be watched on demand, which is perfect for those working from home, removing the effort to check diaries and organise workshops. The videos are quite funny too, making what can be a ‘dry’ topic, engaging and easy to understand. As admin, you can check the progress of your employees and also send simulation phishing attacks to ‘test’ their awareness.
Policies and responsibilities
Developing policies that define your cyber security posture and inform your team on their responsibilities
An SME business should have GDPR documentation and processes, as well as a security or cyber security policy. You’re probably wondering what an SME cyber security policy should include. Below is a basic framework:
Cyber security policy framework
Aim and Scope
Responsibilities
Legislation
Personnel Security
Contracts of Employment
Information Security Awareness and Training
Intellectual Property Rights
Access Management
Physical Access
Identity and Passwords
User Access
Administrator-level Access
Application Access
Hardware Access
System Perimeter Access (Firewalls)
Monitoring System
Access and Use
Asset Management
Asset Ownership
Asset Records and Management
Asset Handling
Removable media
Users breaching these requirements may be subject to disciplinary action
Mobile working
Personal devices / Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
Social Media (see 38-57 for social cyber tips)
Computer and Network Management
Operations Management
System Change Control
Accreditation
Software Management
Local Data Storage
External Cloud Services
Protection from Malicious Software
Vulnerability scanning
Response
Information security incidents
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plans
Reporting
3. Limiting access
Removable media
Controlling access to removable media such as USB drives
SMEs should create very clear guidance and cyber security policy around removable media. Their capability to hold large amounts of data and be transported or lost makes them a huge vulnerability to any SME business’ security. It can lead to loss of information and introduction of malware.
In normal circumstances, information should be stored in corporate systems. To limit their use, only allow certain media ports and users access to portable devices. Also, formally issue and keep a log of who has removable media.
Users should encrypt information held on the media. Take appropriate steps, when the media is reused or destroyed, to ensure that all previously saved information cannot be accessed. Removable media should also be automatically scanned for malware when introduced to any system.
Zero trust network
Only provide staff with the access levels they require to carry out their roles
Provide reasonable, yet minimal, system privileges or data access. What access is required for an employee’s job? Continually review access, particularly when granting highly privileged administrative accounts. This minimises risk if an account is misused or compromised. This is particularly recommended if team members are remote working due to the heightened security risks.
4. Cyber security continuity planning for SMEs
Data Backup
Have a robust backup and SME business continuity plan to help recover from a potential cyber security breach
At some point, your SME business will experience some kind of cyber security incident. Incident management or continuity planning is really important to reduce the impact of a cyber attack on your company. The supporting policy, processes and plans should be risk based and cover any legal or regulatory reporting requirements. Having the right skill-set, defined roles and responsibilities (whether in-house or outsourced) is crucial to having an adequate response.
Incident management or continuity plans should be tested and continually evolve to improve the way in which you respond.
Have a systematic approach to the backup of essential data to avoid data loss. We would advise SMEs to have automated backup, which gives complete peace of mind. If you use physical media to back-up data, ensure it is secured and offsite. And it is really important to test your backup! Test retrieving data that has been archived regularly just to be sure!
How cyber security best practice benefits SMEs
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Automating many of the cyber security practices, described above, require minimal maintenance once they’ve been set up.
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Have confidence that your data and systems are protected and knowing that you have a good level of protection against common threats. In addition, it’s good to know that you can recover data if your defences are breached.
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It gives your clients confidence that you are protecting their data and systems.
- Confidently complete self-assessment security assessment when you tender for new work.
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Avoid GDPR compliance failure and damage to your brand reputation. You don’t really want to be notifying or being fined by the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) or having to inform your clients and customers of any breaches.
Challenges when adopting cyber security best practice
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There’s a lot of misinformation from cyber security vendors and it can be difficult to select what you really need.
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People are busy and stick to their habits, so it can be a slow process getting them to change to better security habits. People are the biggest threat to security, so this is crucial to get this piece right.
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Even for people who are tech-savvy, it can be difficult to decipher cyber security and compliance standards.
What next?
This article encapsulates the core and broad areas of cyber security. Each business' cyber security will differ depending on your industry (e.g. accountancy), the technology, systems and devices you use and your supply chain.
Your cyber security will also need to incorporate more granular elements, relevant to your business; such as your website may need CAPTCHA.
If you have smart or Internet of Things (IoT) elements to your business, for example, sensors to your manufacturing or engineering factory, then the security of this element will need to be addressed and covered.
Make your business cyber safe
If you’re looking to make your business cyber safe, remember to lean on an expert and ask lots of questions. Hopefully we have answered many of your questions in this article today. We have created two cyber security packages to address all fundamental SMEs cyber security needs.
Speak to an expert
If you still have questions about your business' cyber security, then why not schedule some time with one of our experts.
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Next steps
We help small and medium-sized business implement a proportionate level of security to their business, which is affordable and effective. See our cyber security packages for more information about the cyber controls included and contact us to speak to one of our cyber experts.
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